Vives-Cases, Et Al. (2010) Reviewed Ipv Among Immigrant

Vives-Cases, et al. (2010) reviewed IPV among immigrant and non-immigrant women and they reported high cases of IPV in older, divorced, low educated people, poor social support immigrant women compared to retired, students or unemployed. IPV reported 23.1% of immigrant compared to 14.5% of non-immigrant. Kulwicki, et al. (2010) describes the barriers used by Arab Immigrant women for domestic violence indicated that 25% of women beaten by their spouses, 18.4% were kicked by them, 7% of women reported their husband used a gun or knife and 20% were sexually abused. . Women felt 41.9 % of nervousness, 35.4% of fatigue and 56.6% of stress, depression and emotional disorders that make them unable to concentrate on their daily activities. Arab†¦show more content†¦Edmond, (2015) writes about the type of help needed (formal and informal) for IPV for Mexican Immigrant women, the aim of study was to collect the data through interviews and to identify the abusive behavior, type of help used by abused immigrants and cultural and social barrier. Most of the time, participants were confused about what type of help they need, they just felt insecure were confuse about what was occurring to them because of lack of knowledge about local social-service system and how to approach it. Kyriakaki s, (2014) also recorded immigrant are seeking first help from sister and mother , 57% immigrants does not have access to public social security services in that only 32% having access to the national social security system and 6% having state social security system. Kim E et al. (2015) targeted Asian Indian Women, they counted IPV as a private problem that has to be solved within family rather than make it as a disrespectful and shameful in the community. Lack of awareness and low socioeconomic status also forcing them to seek help from informal sources and they found negative help-seeking attitude towards formal sources because of fear from social/public stigma and self-sigma. Conclusion As research established the relationship between immigrant women and domestic violence mainly Intimate Partner Violence (IPV),

Rule of Law in the Constitution - 1448 Words

Introduction A ‘free society’ is a system of interaction between humans wherein every person can participate in a civilised manner and without discrimination. In Australia, the Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act 1900 (Imp) is the primary source by which society operates as an essentially free society. This paper seeks to establish that the functioning of such a society is dependent upon the existence of a legal framework supporting the rule of law, which is ultimately, an ideology. Analogically, the circumstances in which the application of the rule of law has either created a free society or undermined it will be explored and its purposes thus inferred to construct a definition of the ‘rule of law’ reflecting contemporary†¦show more content†¦In asserting its judicial independence, the High Court in Plaintiff S157/2002 v Commonwealth stated it was ‘the ultimate decision-maker in all matters where there is a contest.’ Zywicki suggests that as long as the court follows precedent and thereby gives individuals more certainty of knowledge over the rights they possess, ‘social coordination and economic wealth’ will increase. The courts would not be relying on its discretion, but rules which will apply equally in the future. Thus, refining Dicey’s definition, Zywicki views ‘rule-based decision making’ as a basic concept of the rule of law. Contrarily, Sykes suggests discretion may be a ‘matter of necessary efficiency’ which is more valuable than strictly adhering to the rule of law. The rule of law, then, does not encapsulate the absolute value of society. Sykes refers to police discretionary power; however, this concept of balancing the rule of law against other values may be extended to situations wherein exceptions and defences in law apply to certain groups. Consider the conferral of legal privilege and the requirement of confidentiality on legal practitioners in criminal law- whereas equality before the law operates in favour of the client, the law of legal privilege applies only to legal practitioners. As Sykes emphasises, ‘it would be unjust if the law failed to account for social difference and disadvantage...’ Zywicki would concur and modifies theShow MoreRelatedThe Rule Of Law And The Uk Constitution1298 Words   |  6 PagesThe rule of law is seen as being one of the most fundament al components of the UK constitution as well as being a principle that is concerned with restricting parliamentary action. Though the rule of law is seen to be a component in the constitution; the actual meaning of the rule of law has been very problematic to interpret. This is considerably down to the fact that it means different things to different people as since the nineteenth century, academics, politicians and judges have proposed diverseRead MoreUKs Constitution: The Rule of Law and Parliamentary Sovereignty 1669 Words   |  7 PagesParliamentary sovereignty, a core principle of the UKs constitution, essentially states that the Parliament is the ultimate legal authority, which possesses the power to create, modify or end any law. The judiciary cannot question its legislative competence, and a Parliament is not bound by former legislative provisions of earlier Parliaments. The ‘rule of law’ on the other hand, is a constitutional doctrine which primarily governs the operation of the legal system and the manner in which the powersRead MoreThe Extent to Which the Human Rights Act of 1998 Strengthened the Rule of Law in the U.K. Constitution2570 Words   |  11 PagesThe Extent to Which the Human Rights Act of 1998 Strengthened the Rule of Law in the U.K. Constitution The Human Rights Act 1998 (HRA), an Act introduced to give effect to rights from the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) in domestic legislation. Its introduction has affected many legal areas; especially the conceptions of the rule of law and their place in the UK constitution. To understand the effect of the HRA, it is first necessary to establish the initial statusRead MoreIndia s Rule Of Law Essay1364 Words   |  6 Pages In India we have the rule of constitutional law Comment. INTRODUCTION TO RULE OF LAW Long gone the age of Dicey when the supremacy of Law and rational legality was the cornerstone of the rule of law; now if we think of the situation like having different set of law and procedures to treat the people of the different class and status, then law creates such classes and supreme court of India has upheld such classification of law as to need in the disguise of the intelligible differentia andRead MoreApplication Of Rule Of Law Essay1583 Words   |  7 Pages APPLICATION OF RULE OF LAW IN INDIA The common law system of justice delivery has been adopted by India which owes its origins to British jurisprudence, the basis of which is the rule of law. According to Dicey, the Englishman does not need any form of written or administrative law to keep cheeks on the government but that the natural law and Rule of Law would be enough to ensure absence of excutive arbitrariness. While India also follows and accepts the concept of natural law, there are writtenRead MoreDalit And Tribal Studies And Action Essay1661 Words   |  7 PagesINDIA WE HAVE THE RULE OF CONSTITUTIONAL LAW COMMENT SUBMITTED BY Pradeep Totre M2014DTA015 Dalit and Tribal Studies and Action SUBMITTED TO Prof. Monica Sakhrani Centre for Social Justice and Governance, School of Social Work In India we have the rule of constitutional law Comment. INTRODUCTION TO RULE OF LAW The concept of Rule of Law is that the state is governed, not by the ruler or the nominated representatives of the people but by the law. The Constitution of India intendedRead MoreThe Main Features Of The Uk1444 Words   |  6 Pagesor not the UK is in need of a codified constitution. The absence of a written constitution is peculiar in Europe , the UK is said to have a complex and comprehensive system of government which regulates the country. The purpose of this essay is to examine the present features of the UK s unwritten constitution in contrast with other European codified constitutions , an argument as to whether the United Kingdom is in need of a codified constitution will be formulated. This will be done byRead MoreThe Constitution And The United Kingdom1678 Words   |  7 PagesA constitution is often defined as a set of rules set to regulate the system of government within a state. Professor King in his Hamlyn Lecture defined the constitution as, â€Å"the set of the most important rules that regulate the relations among the different parts of the government of a given country and also the relations between the different parts of the government and the people of the country†. Unlike some other democratic countries, the United Kingdom does not have a single written documentRead MoreIs a Written Constitution the Right Thing for the UK? 1538 Words   |  7 Pagesfeel cautious in enforcing a written constitution into our country, I believe the current rights have been stable and a change may seem unnecessary. The current arrangements have served Britain well for centuries, simply by relying on conventions. In my opinion, we should focus our energy on sorting the ever-growing problems affecting our country, rather than over complicating a situation. By not having a written constitution, it allows us to ensure the current laws adapt to changing situations quickerRead MoreApplication of the Analytical School of Justice 1805 Words   |  7 PagesINDIAN CONSTITUTIONAL LAW: APPLICATION OF ANALYTICAL SCHOOL John Austin is the inspiration of the Analytical School, which in turn drew his inspiration from Hobbes, and Bentham. According to Austin law is a command given by a superior to an inferior and enforced by material sanctions. Positive law is a creation of sovereign. It emphasizes that the sovereign is a superior and commands of the sovereign is law, and disobedience of commands is accompanied by punishment. Law is the expression of

Helping People in Need a Supererogation or an Obligation Free Essays

string(67) " when we could not see or witness the sufferings \(Singer, 1972\)\." Helping people in need a supererogation or an obligation People in poor nations are starving to death when we are enjoying our delicious meal with our friends and family. There are various governmental aid-projects and privately run charities which are responsible for delivering donations from the relatively wealthy nations to the nations in need. I believe it is a morally right thing to help the people in need, but not every one of us would make donations regularly. We will write a custom essay sample on Helping People in Need a Supererogation or an Obligation or any similar topic only for you Order Now Peter Singer uses the drowning child example to make people rethink about this current scenario. He believes that it is our obligation to help the people in poor developing countries. There are objections to his stance, but before considering and discussing from both sides, I am now going to describe and explain the Singer’s drowning child example first. Imagine a child is drowning in a shallow pond and saving the child’s life means jumping into the pond and thereby getting one’s clothes wet and muddy. Would you still save the child? All of those having a rational mind will say yes. In spite of the bad consequence of fouling the clothes, saving the child’s life is morally what we ought to do as the importance of the child’s life so far outweighs the little cost of getting one’s clothes wet and muddy. It is within our power to prevent the child’s death without sacrificing something that is of even greater importance. Thus, this is what we ought to do and it is our obligation to prevent something this bad from happening (Singer, 1997). Even when there are other people near the pond who are equally qualified of saving the child but are doing nothing but simply passing by, would you still jump in and save the child? Similarly, all of those being asked said yes. It simply does not make any moral difference to the situation. Undoubtedly, not saving the child in this situation might make one feeling less guilty but everyone thinks that we ought to save the child. We agree that this is our moral obligation and it would be wrong not doing so (Singer, 1997). Then what if the child were being far away, maybe even in another country? Would people still hold the same stance? The answer is yes. Distance and nationality do not make not saving the child just. Whichever child or even adult, if saving his life is what we are able to do without having something of great significance to us being sacrifice, we ought to do that. This is morally what we ought to do without violating other things that are of similar or higher moral importance (Singer, 1972). The situation of the drowning child example is actually synonymous with those hungry children and adults suffering from famine or other disasters, both natural or man-made. If we agree that saving the child that are drowning in a pond is morally what we ought to do and not doing so is unjust, then why should we think otherwise when it comes to helping the people who are suffering in poor developing countries? Why does making regular donations to nations in need not our moral obligation whereas saving the child drowning in a pond is? We have agreed that distance and nationality does not matter in this moral stance. Moreover, the problem of being too far away from the sufferers and we might not be able to come to their aid in time has been overcome by the effort of charities. What is it that stop us from making regular donations? There are explanations to this bipolar situation, giving reasons to help better understanding the causes leading to this global scenario. First of all, saving the drowning child is helping out directly, while making a donation is not. The donation will be distributed to the people in need through the government or some privately run charities. Some of the donation will be used for administrative cost or get swallowed up in corruption. People will never know how much of their donation can really be given to those in need. As corruption is usually a prevalent problem in many of the developing countries, people sometimes have the worry that their donation might not serve to their right purposes but only be ended up in greedy hands. This worry is reasonable but actually most of the donations can get to serve their proper purposes (Giving What We Can, 2012). Although not all of the sum can be used for aid, the part of it that gets to its destination still can make the best of its worth. The aid organizations may not be one-hundred percent efficient, but they can help to solve the problem of distance, serving as an agent for delivery. There are many people around the world who are compassionate about the plight of the others. Charities and governmental organizations collect the aids and help distributing them to the areas in need. I think this is by far the most efficient way of giving out a helping hand. The cost for administration is inevitable and the part of donations spent on it could be seen as for supporting these organizations to keep running. Furthermore, in my point of view, there are always ways to minimize corruption. We can donate money to aid projects that do not involve valuable goods or specifically make donations to programs which serves to tackle the corruption problem in where it is prevailing. The probability of wasting a proportion of the donations should not mean aiding being useless. Those that can get though may make a significant change that we could not imagine. The second explanation is about the psychological difference between the drowning child example and the reality. We feel more related to the sufferers when we could see them. The feeling of guilt for not helping is lesser when we could not see or witness the sufferings (Singer, 1972). You read "Helping People in Need a Supererogation or an Obligation" in category "Papers" Although it makes one feels less guilty without the sight of suffering presenting nearby, it does not make helping those further away a lower priority morally. As we have discussed that distance is not a considering factor in deciding whether it is our obligation to help or not, both of those from our own country and from the other countries deserve our help. Moreover, in this age of the prosperous development of media technology, charities and governmental aid agencies can effectively show the current situation of the emaciated children to the public. Therefore, it does not sound very plausible to me saying that people not making donations is because of the lack of awareness of the issue. According to Peter Singer, a moral philosopher, if we are able to prevent something very bad from happening, without thereby sacrificing anything morally significant, we ought, morally, to do it (Singer, 1972). Some people object this position. I am going to summarize those objections. For one of the reasons is that this is simply too extreme as most people do not judge those who are ignorant of the others’ suffering. People usually criticize those who violate some moral norms, for example: murdering, sex assault,etc. Some writers, including Sidgwick and Urmson, Stated that if the moral code that we set is too hard too uphold, there will be a general breakdown in the moral system (Singer, 1972). The moral code that we are currently using mainly includes not invading the others’ privileges, for example: stealing, killing, etc and other things that could help keeping the society safe and sound. Helping the poor nations is not necessary for the wealthy nations. Thus, people usually do not see it as what they must do. This is regrettable but understandable. If making regular donations to those in need is being made to be an obligation and a moral code, it might be too hard for everyone to follow. Eventually, people might choose not to follow anything from the moral code (Singer, 1972). Singer argues that if the conduct is good, why should we categorize it into morally obligatory or morally optional? If morality means doing something good, then shouldn’t a good conduct be in the moral code? Moreover, drawing a line to divide conducts into the aforementioned categories is by no means easy. It is hard to define the standard to be used for distinguishing conducts into two kinds. Helping the people in need in other countries is always be defined as a generous and selfless gesture. However, Singer thinks otherwise. He thinks that â€Å"our traditional moral categories are upset†. He objects the traditional distinction that is drawn between duty and charity by using the current standard. It is our moral obligation to prevent as much sufferings as possible in the meantime not sacrificing something else of comparable moral importance (Singer, 1972). How does a man act is actually influenced by the general societal values and the people around him. When a man making a donation or joining voluntary services to help those in need is being praised for his generosity, he would think that what he has done is a supererogation. Actually, coming to the others’ aid to prevent suffering without sacrificing as much is an obligation that people usually overlook. This situation is for long being shaped by the general social atmosphere and this is what being upsetting. The moral attitude of people is shaped by each other and also the society. Admittedly, helping those is need is always greatly encouraged. However, this is by no means enough. Preventing as much sufferings as possible without causing sacrifices as significant is morally obligatory and not doing so should be seen as unjust (Singer, 1972). I agree with Singer that if it is within one’s ability to help, saving other people from suffering seems to be just and morally right, while otherwise seems wrong. Although there might be concerns that what we have given might not be able to serve their greatest worth, I believe that the part of aids that get to the hands of those in need is able to make a significant change in their lives. There are worries that helping those poor developing countries might worsen the current situation. Firstly, those countries usually have a higher birth-rate. The aids that we give now would only support them to have a even greater population that the countries themselves are not able to feed (Giving What We Can, 2012). This might leads to a greater demand in foreign help and eventually turns into an ever-expanding cycle. This worry is understandable but there are always other alternatives to help in this kind of situation. For fear of the problem of overpopulation, donations could be made to organizations that help in promoting and enhancing birth-control in the developing countries. Moreover, the reason behind the scene of them having a high birth-rate is the high mortality rate of children. They need a large family size to ensure having enough manpower to take care of the family, to work and to earn. If their lives were not this hard, the birth-rate would presumably decline (Giving What We Can, 2012). The other worry is that the developing countries might become more and more dependent on the aids (Giving What We Can, 2012). This worry is again not necessary as there are many aid projects that are actually aiming at helping those developing nations to be self-supportive. People in some of the poor nations are taught to grow crops for supporting themselves and for selling to make money. Donations could be made to support this kind of projects. Moreover, helping those in need does not necessarily means lengthening their life expectancy but might be about improving their living quality (Giving What We Can, 2012). One example is performing a simple eye operation to cure their eye diseases so that they could see the world more clearly. It is our obligation to help the others in need when it is within our own power without sacrificing something of higher importance. Death and sufferings are things that should be prevented. This is what we ought to do. With the gap between the rich and the poor growing everyday, our moral attitude towards giving out aids should be revised. Helping should not be seen as a supererogation but an moral obligation. References: Giving What We Can. (2012). Myths About Aids, from http://www. givingwhatwecan. org/why-give/myths-about-aid Singer, Peter. (1972). Famine, Affluence, and Morality. Philosophy and Public Affairs, 1(1), 230-234. Singer, Peter. (1997). The Drowning Child and the Expanding Circle. News Internationalist, 1. How to cite Helping People in Need a Supererogation or an Obligation, Essays

The Changing Nature of Workplace Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Changing Nature of Workplace. Answer: Introduction The assignment deals with the changing nature of the workplace. The workplace was predominantly stable in 1990 with many staff staying in the organisation. This trend has changed drastically in compared to the present workplace culture. It will be discussed in the paper comprehensively. The paper discusses the implications of these changes specially the workplace skills and for management, requires to sustain the change. As a manager evaluative conclusions will be drawn. Discussion If the work life is compared today from what it was in 40 years ago clearly there will be no Starbucks everywhere or Smartphone in every pocket. The work culture was significantly different. As per Worrall et al. (2016), the organisations today have work that is more team-based and collaborative. The work type is more dependent on technological competence, and is more cognitive complex. The work place change is due to change in nature of work. The work pattern today is more dependent on mobile and less on geography. The organisation that people work in toady is likely to be different due to several other factors. Workplace today has more cognitive pressure and includes technological breakthroughs. Organisations today are more focused on finding value from consumers and workers. Workplace are more agile and learner. One can find that organisations today are less hierarchical in structure. Decision authority is quite prominent in todays workplaces. It is observed that they are more inclined towards dynamic competitive requirements and strategy. The ultimate goal of the organisations is to maintain high profit market or win competitive advantage thus; they are less likely to provide job security. Due to competitive pressure there is changes in job profile and thus no company provides life long careers (Alias et al. 2014). The are several key drivers pointed by the organisational theorists, which seems to contribute to this changing nature of work. Two of the main drivers are- Firstly, the aim of an enterprise to become lean. Secondly, growth in mobile technologies, that separate work from time and space. The principles of the lean enterprise include eliminating the non-value added activities in the organisations. It also refers to eliminating the waste and inefficiencies in support. This model encouraged organisations to change rapidly as per the market. Thus, the organisations reduced the cycle time, are developing the mass communication process. These principles help in supporting the continual change and innovation, thereby improving the efficiency of the internal processes (Grint and Woolgar 2013). There is a much strain on workers facing management and in response to the new organisational models and technologies. The workers in organizations today experience cognitive incompetence, social and interactive incompetence. From workers perspectives, the literature evidence highlights that workers tend to choose jobs that fetch more money in less time. Workers tend to focus on what is easy instead of what is more important (Kraft Grace, 2016). Workers tend to lack well-developed social skills, which is required in todays organisations preferring more collaboration and collective activity. Workers face dilemma during conflict resolution, relationship development and networking. In the collaborative settings, the fate of the workers is bound to collective success (Brewer et al., 2017). It might be discomforting for the workers not being recognised for the individual responsibility and individual achievement. Present organisations do not practice, respecting the workers participation , identity, and quality of life. Instead, they focus on reducing the labour cost, creating uncertain future for employees. Today there are less full time employees in the workplace. It may be due to increase in time burdens (downsizing and outsourcing), reduced loyalty and commitment. Thus, there is an increasing number of employees working as contractors, part-time, casual workers working on demand basis or need basis or as per flexibility (Brock et al. 2017). As a manger, the recommendations to strive in the uncertain future are discussed in the subsequent sections. The workers need to come up with the structured ways of working and require strong analytical and judgemental skills. For technical and managerial jobs, there is need of good cognitive skills. Independent decision-making is important for the administrative tasks. It is the need of all the workers to attend the training classes to be conversant with the business strategy. The workers must improve the internal working relationships, cross group communication, and collaboration. The workers must reduce the workplace stress and increase the overall quality of life (Ng and Law 2014). The organisations should be able to cope with the advancement in technology and thus enable wireless infrastructure, wireless LAN, Mobile video conferencing too, ls, interactive whiteboards. Workers at all levels in the organisation should engage in continuous competency development. Organisation should be the learning centres for the workers to learn not just through training but also through relationship with co-workers. Continuous learning improves the problem solving, conflict resolution skills, learning from mistakes, motivation to work. Organization should have rewards and recognition schemes for employee retention and continuous professional development (Cole et al. 2014). Conclusion Work nature is changing rapidly and to overcome the uncertainty in workplace the workers and the organisations as a whole must strive for cognitive competence, social and interactive competence. References Alias, N.E., Noor, N. and Hassan, R., 2014. Examining the mediating effect of employee engagement on the relationship between talent management practices and employee retention in the Information and Technology (IT) organizations in Malaysia.Journal of Human Resources Management and Labor Studies,2(2), pp.227-242. Brewer, M.L., Flavell, H.L. and Jordon, J., 2017. Interprofessional team-based placements: The importance of space, place, and facilitation.Journal of Interprofessional Care, pp.1-9. Brock, S.E., Brock, S.E., McAliney, P.J., McAliney, P.J., Ma, C.H., Ma, C.H., Sen, A. and Sen, A., 2017. Toward more practical measurement of teamwork skills.Journal of Workplace Learning,29(2), pp.124-133. Grint, K. and Woolgar, S., 2013.The machine at work: Technology, work and organization. John Wiley Sons. Cole, R., Oliver, A. and Blaviesciunaite, A., 2014. The changing nature of workplace culture.Facilities,32(13/14), pp.786-800. Kraft, M. A., Grace, S. (2016).Teaching for tomorrows economy? Teacher effects on complex cognitive skills and social-emotional competencies. Working Paper. Providence, RI: Brown University. Retrieved from https://scholar. harvard. edu/files/mkraft/files/teaching_for_tomorrows_economy_-_final_public. pdf. Ng, E.S. and Law, A., 2014. Keeping up! Older workers adaptation in the workplace after age 55.Canadian Journal on Aging/La revue canadienne du vieillissement,33(1), pp.1-14. Worrall, L., Mather, K. and Cooper, C.L., 2016.The changing nature of professional and managerial work: issues and challenges from an empirical study of the UK(pp. 60-85). Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing.